Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, 136119.
10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.2.3.8
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) is known as one of the most troublesome weeds, causing severe environmental, economic, human and animal health problems in India and around the world. During a series of surveys for natural enemies of P. hysterophorus, a leaf blight pathogen was isolated from the affected parts of the Parthenium following the standard isolation techniques using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Koch’s postulates were performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be pathogenic to this weed. On the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria macrospora MKP1. The pathogen was studied for various histopathological parameters and the results showed that this pathogen has a good potential to control Parthenium weed.
Keywords
Abbas H.K, Duke S.O, Paul R.N, Riley R.T, Tanaka T. 1995. AAL-toxin, a potent natural herbicide which disrupts sphingolipid metabolism of plants. Pest Sci.43: 181-187.
Abbas H.K, Egley G.H. 1996. Influence of unrefined corn oil and surface-active agents on the germination and infectivity of Alternaria helianthi. Biocontrol Sci Technol. 6: 531-538.
Adkins S, Shabbir A. 2014. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Pest Manage Sci. 70: 1023-1029.
Agarwal G.P, Hasija S.K. 1986. Microorganisms in the laboratory - a laboratory guide of mycology, microbiology and plant pathology. Print House (India) Lucknow, pp 155.
Aggarwal N.K, Kaur M, Kumar V, Saini A. 2014. Mycobiota associated with Parthenium hysterophorus isolated from North India. Indian J Weed Sci.46: 155-160.
Aneja K.R. 2003. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. 4th ed. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
Aneja K.R, Kaushal S. 1998. Occurence of Gibbago trianthemae on horse purslane in India J Biol Con.12: 157-159.
Aneja K.R, Khan S.A, Kaushal S. 2000. Management of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.)with Gibbago trianthemae Simmons in India. In: Spencer NR (ed)Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds.Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA, pp 27-33.
Aneja K.R, Kumar V, Jiloha P, Kaur M, Sharma C, Surain P, Dhiman R, Aneja A. 2013. Potential bioherbicides: Indian perspectives. In: Salar RK, Gahlawat SK, Siwach P, Duhan JS (eds) Biotechnology: prospects and applications. Springer, India, pp 197-215.
Aneja K.R, Singh K. 1989. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, a pathogen of water hyacinth with biocontrol potential. Int J Pest Manage. 35: 354-356.
Boyette C.D, Quimby P.C. Jr, Caesar A.J. 1996. Adjuvants, formulations, and spraying systems for improvement of mycoherbicides. Weed Tech. 10: 637-644.
Chenglin Y, William S.D, Carl S.C. 1996. Purification and characterization of a polygalacturanase produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Phytopathology. 86: 1160-1166.
Chettananavar S.N, Srikant K, Hedge R.K. 1987. Studies on leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.), Keissler. cultural and physiological studies. Mysore J Sci. 21: 313-317.
Daigle D.J, Connick W.J. 2002. Formulating Mycoberhicides. In: Osiewacz HD (ed) The Mycota X Industrial Applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Daigle O.J, Cotty P.J. 1991. Factors that influence germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Alternaria cassiae. Weed Technol. 5: 82-86.
Egley G.H, Boyette C.D. 1995. Water corn oil emulsion enhances conidia germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum trunctatum. Weed Sci. 43: 312-317.
Ellis M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institue, England.
Ellis M.B. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England.
Evans H.C, Fleureau L. 1993. Studies on the rust, Maravalia cryptostegiae, a potential biological control agent of rubber-vine weed, Cryptostegia grandiflora (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae), in Australia, II: Infection. Mycopathologia 124: 17-184.
Ghorbani R, Seel W, Litterick A, Leifert C. 2000. Evaluation of Alternaria alternata for biological control of Amaranthus retroflexus. Weed Sci. 48: 474-480.
Greaves M.P. 1996. Microbial herbicides-factors in development. In: Copping LG (ed) Crop Protection Agents from Nature. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp 444-467.
Greaves M.P, Holloway P.J, Auld B.A. 1998. Formulation of microbial herbicides. In: Burges HD (ed) Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer, pp 203-233.
Kamal M. 1950. Leaf blight of Pandanus sp. Curr Sci. 19: 125-128.
Karr A.L, Karr D.B, Strobel G.A. 1974. Isolation and partial characterization of four host specific toxins of Helminthosporium maydis (race T.). Pl Physiol. 53: 250-257.
Kaur M, Aggarwal N.K. 2015. Biocontrol potential of four deadly strains of Alternaria macrospora isolated from parthenium weed. Plant Pathol J. 14: 72-78.
Kaur M, Aggarwal N.K, Dhiman R. 2016. Screening of Phytotoxicity of Alternaria macrospora MKP1 against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Arch. Phytopathology Plant Protect. 48: 890-897.
Kaur M, Aggarwal N.K, Kumar V, Dhiman R. 2014. Effects and Management of Parthenium hysterophorus a weed of global significances. Int Sch Res Notices. Doi.org/10.1155/2014/368647.
Madan M, Thind K.S. 1998. Physiology of fungi. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, India.
Mitchell J.K. 1988. Gibbago trianthemae, a recently described hyphomycete with bioherbicide potential for control of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum). Plant Dis. 72: 354-355.
Muthulakshmi P. 1990. Studies on fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Alternaria tenuis Nees. M.Sc. (Ag.). Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Madurai, India, 139 p.
Neergaard P. 1945. Danish species of Alternaria and Stemphylium. London, Oxford Univ, Press, pp 129-1148.
Pandey A.K, Shrivastava G.M, Singh A.K, Yenna S.K. 2003. Herbicidal potential of secondary metabolites of Sclerotium rolfsii against Parthenium: A preliminary observation. J. Basic Appl. Mycol. 2: 27-30.
Patil M.G, Pagare J, Patil S.N, Sidhu A.K. 2015. Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Various Medicinal Plants. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci.4: 1035-1042.
Rathaiah Y. 1977. Stomatal tropism of Cercospora beticola in sugarbeet. Phytopathol. 67: 358-362.
Saad S, Hagedorn S.J. 1970. Growth and nutrition of Alternaria pathogenic to snap bean. Phytopathol. 60: 903-906.
Satou M, Ichinoe M, Fukumoto F, Tezuka N, Horiuchi S. 2001. Fusarium Blight of Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos spp.) caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum and Fusarium semitectum. J Phytopathol.149: 203-206.
Shabana Y.M. 1997b. Vegetable oil suspension emulsions for formulating the weed pathogen (Alternaria eichhorniae) to bypass dew. Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzenschutz. 104: 78-89.
Sharma P, Sharma S.R, Sindhu M. 2004. A detached leaf technique for evaluation of resistance in cabbage and cauliflower against three major Pathogens. Indian Phytopathol. 57: 315-318.
Singh J, Pandey A.K. 2001. Incidence of storage mycoflora associated with some forest plants of ethnic values in M.P. Ind J Appl Pure Biol. 16: 43-45.
Singh J, Quereshi S, Banerjee N, Pandey A.K. 2010. Production and extraction of phytotoxins from Colletotrichum dematium FGCC# 20 effective against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 53: 669-678.
Strobel G.A. 1973. The Helminthosporoside binding protein of sugarcane. J Biol Chem. 248: 1321-1328.
Sunitha V.H, Nirmala D, Srinivas C. 2013. Extracellular Enzymatic Activity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from Medicinal Plants. World J Agric Sci. 9: 1-9.
Tandon R.N. 1961. Physiological studies on some pathogenic fungi in U.P. Sci Res Committee, Monograph 34.
TeBeest D.O, Templeton G.E, Smith R.T. 1978. Temperature and moisture requirements for development of anthracnose on North jointvetch Phytopathol. 68: 389-93.
Thapar R, Singh A.K, Pandey A, Pandey A.K. 2002. Bioactivity of CFCF of Curvularia lunata in Parthenium hysterophorus L. J Basic Appl Mycol. 1: 126-129.
Tuite J. 1969. Plant Pathological Methods, Fungi and Bacteria. Burger Publishing company, MN.
Verma V.C. 1963. Effect of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration on three pathogenic fungi. Sydowia 25: 164-169.
Vikrant P, Verma K.K, Rajak R.C, Pandey A.K. 2006. Characterization of a phytotoxin from Phoma herbarum for management of Parthenium hysterophorus L. J Phytopathol. 154: 1-8.
Walker H.L, Connick W.J. Jr. 1983. Sodium alginate for production and formulation of mycoherbicides. Weed Sci. 31: 333-338.
Walker H.L, Riley J.A. 1982. Evaluation of Alternaria cassia for the biocontrol of sickle-pod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 30: 651-654.
Walker H.L, Templeton G.E. 1979. In vitro production of phytotoxic metabolites by Colletotrichum gleosporoides f sp aeschynomene. Plant Sci Lett. 13: 91-99.
Wapshere A.J. 1974. A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control. Ann Appl Biol. 77: 201-211.
)