Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Nutritional dynamics in some forage weeds regarding to the phenological stages
1
8
EN
Sohaib
Hassan
0000-0002-2486-6736
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
sohaibmosal@gmail.com
Asif
Tanveer
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
drasiftanveeruaf@hotmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.1
Weeds could replace the cultivated fodders in case of fodder shortage. But most of farmers are not aware about the potential of traditional weeds in croplands. Thus, an experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional quality of some forage weeds with respect to their phonological development. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by analysis of variance technique and means of treatments were compared by least significant difference test. Qualitative traits of selected weeds were determined through the methods developed by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that the quantitative traits of weeds differ from each other. It was found that the moisture decreased from vegetative (86.13-90.92%) to post reproductive stage (86.77-73.56%) and crude protein decreased from vegetative (16.95-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (11.52-15.09%) in all weeds. Similarly ash contents decreased from vegetative (13.72-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (9.26-13.11%) in all weeds. The crude fats were nearly similar in all stages (1.75-2.00%). Dry matter and crude fiber increased (9.08-13.87 to 13.23-26.44% and 9.86-21.95 to 21.58-31.63%, respectively) from vegetative to post reproductive stage. Overall results declared that the biomass produced by weeds was a luxurious source for livestock production during the vegetative stage of growth as the nutritional quality decreased from vegetative to post reproductive stages. Further research is needed to explore the forage quality of all common weeds present in croplands.
forage,nutrition,Phenological stages,Weeds
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89555.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89555_01d98a2fe4769c692964ab01557dc9b6.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Distribution, threats and management options for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Ethiopia: A review
9
23
EN
Habtamu
Yigermal
Department of Plant Science, Burie Campus, Debre Markos University; Ethiopia
habtamuyigermal@gmail.com
Kelemu
Nakachew
Department of Plant Science, Burie Campus, Debre Markos University; Ethiopia
kelemu.n10@yahoo.com
Fenta
Assefa
Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University; Ethiopia
fenta.assefa1@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.2
Water hyacinth is free-floating, stoloniferous and perennial herb. It is an aquatic invasive species; native to South America and most aggressive invasive species worldwide. It profoundly invaded the tropical and subtropical region of the world, as a result of ornamental properties and reproductive capability of the weed. In addition, it is recognized as one of the worst weeds due to its rapid proliferation rate, ecological adaptability and detrimental effects on environment, human health and economic development. It poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems includes destruction of biodiversity, hindrance to water transport and recreation, oxygen depletion and reduction of water quality, breeding ground for pests, vectors and their effect on human health, hampering agriculture and fisheries, affect hydropower and water supply systems and increased evapo-transpiration. Therefore deferent management strategies such as physical, chemical and biological methods had been used to control the weed. Accordingly manual removal was used in South Africa; Zimbabwe Lake Mutirikwi; Ethiopia Wonji-Shewa Sugar Factory and Owen fall hydropower in Jinja at Lake Victoria. Chemical control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero using 2-4-D; South-west Nigeria Ere fishing channel by glyphosate; South Africa larger dams and river systems by using glyphosate; Zimbabwe acetic acid and glyphosate control the weed at experimental site. Biological control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero through combination of weevil and fungi; Kenya Lake Victoria and China by two types of weevils (<em>Neochetina bruchi</em> and <em>Neochetina eichhornia</em>) and Ethiopia <em>Neochetina bruchi</em> and fungi at Rift Valley and in green house at experimental level respectively.
Aquatic,Control,Impact,invasive,water hyacinth
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89806.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89806_ffdfa228c02ab36ffba91d2340d66348.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Single and Multiple Resistance of Eleusine indica from Asahan Regency, Indonesia
24
35
EN
Koko
Tampubolon
0000-0002-7969-5049
Doctoral Program of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.
koko.tampubolon@gmail.com
Wismaroh Sanniwati
Saragih
Doctoral Program of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.
sanniwati@gmail.com
Zavandri
Purba
Program Study of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.
zavandripurba06@gmail.com
Ikhlas
Hamzani
Program Magister of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.
ikhlashamzani23@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.3
<em>Eleusine indica</em> population at oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency has never been reported to being resistant to glyphosate and paraquat. This research was aimed to the resistance classification of <em>E. indica</em> population to glyphosate from one of oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency and to find out of glyphosate-resistant <em>Eleusine</em> (GRE) biotype has been also resistant to paraquat. This research was conducted on Weed Research Center Land, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan from September 2017 until May 2018. Single resistance evaluation of <em>E. indica</em> population was performed using glyphosate at the dose 720 g a.i.ha<sup>-1</sup>. However the multiple resistance of GRE biotype was performed using paraquat at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g a.i.ha<sup>-1</sup> and glyphosate at rates of 0, 720, 1440, 2880, and 5760 g a.i.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Susceptible-population (ESU-0) was taken at ball field of Politeknik Negeri Medan (Medan City) as a comparison. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test at level 5% using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that <em>E. indica</em> populations from one of oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency had survival of 81.48% (classified as glyphosate-resistant) and the dry weight of 24.35 g. Glyphosate at the dose 2880 g a.i.ha<sup>-1</sup> and paraquat at the dose 200 g a.i.ha<sup>-1</sup> were effectively (100%) controlled survival, tillers.pot<sup>-1</sup>, fresh weight.pot<sup>-1</sup>, dry weight.pot<sup>-1</sup> and mortality of GRE biotype. The resistance index value of GRE biotype to glyphosate and paraquat of 4.91- and 1.26-fold, respectively compared to susceptible plants.
Eleusine indica,Glyphosate,Paraquat,Resistant
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89865.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89865_60af08c955ae8930f2e89fa1e71dd4b9.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Diseased weeds and weed pathogens of paddy fields in Devarapalli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
36
47
EN
Dondapudi
Spandana
Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. India.
spandana.spandy19@gmail.com
P.K.
Ratna Kumar
Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. India.
kumar.ratna12@yahoo.com
P.
Indhu Keerthana
Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. India.
keerthana.indhu@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.4
Weeds are responsible for heavy yield losses in rice, to the extent of complete crop failure under severe infestation conditions. They occur in every field of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) in the world which is the vital food for more than two billion people in Asia. A systematic field study was conducted in paddy field of Devarapalli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Infested weeds were collected in paddy field crops for plants identification, observation, and collection. The random quadrant method was adopted for this study. The collected diseased weed plants were carried out for the extensive study on symptoms, isolation and pathogenicity of the organisms that involved in leaf spot diseases. The causal agents of diseased weed plants were isolated. The inoculated fungal pathogens are incubated on PDA for pure cultures. After harvesting of spores they were observed under the microscope. The study is used to know host specificity of isolated fungal pathogens on test plants and also used to identify bio control agents for crop development. Investigator hopes that diseased weeds of rice fields in study area provide good source of information of technical and taxonomic data to the academic institutes and research organizations like Agricultural colleges, Universities, Agricultural Universities and other agricultural agencies
isolation,Pathogenicity,Potato Dextrose Agar,Quadrant,Weed infestation
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90897.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90897_014dc0bf6c60e0f3816faa54febb7d2a.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Taxonomic diversity and abundance of weed flora in upland rice fields of Southern Groundnut Basin, Senegal
48
56
EN
Samba Laha
KA
0000-0002-8900-4301
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
kasam74@gmail.com
Moustapha
GUEYE
Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques de Bambey, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, B.P.53 Bambey, Diourbel, Senegal.
moustapha.guete@yahoo.com
Mame Samba
MBAYE
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
mames.mbaye12@yahoo.com
Modou
NGOM
Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques de Bambey, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, B.P.53 Bambey, Diourbel, Senegal.
modou.ngom@yahoo.com
Abdou Aziz
CAMARA
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
abdua.camara@yahoo.com
Moussou Kéba
CISSOKHO
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
moussou.cissokho1@yahoo.com
Rahimi
MBALLO
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
rahimi.mballo@yahoo.com
Mamadou
SIDYBE
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
mamadou.sidybe@yahoo.com
Ndongo
DIOUF
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
ndongo.diouf@yahoo.com
Djibril
DIOP
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
djibril.diop@yahoo.com
Jules
DIOUF
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
jules.diouf@yahoo.com
Kandioura
NOBA
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, Senegal.
kandioura.noba@yahoo.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.5
In Southern Groundnut Basin of Senegal, weed management is one of the biggest challenges for improving upland rice production. This study aimed to evaluate the systematic composition and the infestation of weed species in order to promote a sustainable management in a context of biodiversity decreasing. Thus, phytosociological surveys were carried out during rainy season in upland rice fields. The results revealed that flora consisted of 62 species distributed in 47 genera and 15 families. The families with the highest species richness were Poaceae (24.2%), Fabaceae (12.9%) and Malvaceae (12.9%) which account for half of recorded species. Biological spectrum analysis showed that the flora is largely dominated by therophytes, with 95% of recorded species. Infestation diagram based on weeds abundance and frequency showed eight groups of species reflecting their degree of infestation. Among them, <em>Digitaria horizontalis</em>,<em> Mariscus squarrosus,</em> and <em>Spermacoce stachydea </em>belonged to major weeds and potential general weeds were potentially the most injurious against upland rice because of their high recovery and frequency.
Abundance,Infestation,Upland rice,weed
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90898.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90898_99ec7ab81a4eaec65eac938bb84e3a4d.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Positive aspects of weeds as herbal remedies and medicinal plants
57
70
EN
Sohaib
Hassan
0000-0002-2486-6736
Deparmartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Pakistan
sohaibmosal@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.6
The weeds are well accepted source of herbal medicines. However, these plants should be managed and removed from agro ecosystems due to their negative impacts on agricultural production systems. However, it is matter of interest that some of well-known weeds are source of drugs and traditional medicine. The weeds have certain biological phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, and saponins etc. which are used to treat health disorders. The demand and importance of natural occurring herbal drugs is rising globally. This is due to their social contentment, easy accessibility, cheapness, effectiveness and no side effect claims. The use of herbs and weeds is based on empirical treatment and experiences from many generations with info accessible solely in native magazines. These medicines possess numerous biologically active ingredients associated with health disorders. Thus their potential has not been fully explored. There is need to improve the quality and analysis of herbal products to be fabricated with research advancements in their efficacy. This review identifies bioactive or phytochemicals present in different plant parts of weeds and ways to extract them are discussed. In addition, the medicinal beneficial aspects of weed species, their medicinal utility and major concerning issues are also highlighted.
drugs,herbs,traditional medicine,Weeds
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90899.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90899_d79682000826ab972cb1ee75f37021f1.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Using essential oils of weeds in aromatherapy for healing and medication
71
80
EN
Sohaib
Hassan
0000-0002-2486-6736
Deparmartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Pakistan
sohaibmosal@gmail.com
Muhammad Arfan
Manzoor
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
m.arfan3629@gmail.com
Muhammad Aamir
Saleem
Assistant Director, Agriculture Extension Sohawa, Pakistan
aamirsaleem28@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.7
Most of the people think that weeds are not useful, so they should be eradicated in any case. However weeds have numerous secondary metabolites of medical utility. These secondary metabolites serve as a treatment for many psychological, physical and pharmacological disorders of human body. The essential oils (EOs) extracted from weeds could be utilized as aromatherapy to cure several ailments. This review highlights the role of EOs in aromatherapy, health benefits of aromatherapy by essence or EOs of weeds, methods to extract aroma or EOs, their mode of action, quality and storage issues of EOs, scope and future trends in aromatherapy.
aromatherapy,Aromatic plants,Essential oils,Weeds
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91254.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91254_5c42086214be58f1cca5342510799de0.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Relevance of Data Transformation Techniques in Weed Science
81
89
EN
Prithwiraj
Dey
Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
mailprithwi@gmail.com
Pramit
Pandit
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
pramitpandit@gmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.8
In the fieldof weed science,data transformation techniques are of frequent use while evaluating investigating weed count data. Even after having its criticism, data transformation still remains as a very popular technique because the reasons for its use are quite greater than its non-use. Depending on the functional relationship existing between mean and variance of the weed count data, suitable transformations like logarithmic, square root and angular, should be used.
Angular transformation,Herbicidal efficacy,Logarithmic transformation,Square root transformation
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91591.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91591_c9b81747605c5d9780ee44d23d710c46.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Evaluation of glyphosate against weeds and phytotoxicity, productivity and soil quality parameters in tea (Camellia sinensis O. kuntze)
90
100
EN
Surinder Singh
Rana
0000-0002-3663-0181
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, HP, India
ranass_dee@rediffmail.com
Rajinder
Kumar
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, HP, India
rajinder.kumar@yahoo.com
Sachin
Kumar
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, HP, India
sachin.kumar@yahoo.com
Neelam
Sharma
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, HP, India
neelam.sharma@yahoo.com
Dinesh
Badiyala
Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, HP, India
dinesh.badiyala@yahoo.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.9
Glyphosate is an effective post emergence herbicide for weed control in tea. However, dose and timing of any new formulation need to be evaluated before being its recommendation to the growers. The weed flora of the experimental field was composed of <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> (21.9%), <em>Ageratum houstonianum</em> (21.3%), <em>Chromolaena adenophorum</em> (13.0%), <em>Bidens pilosa</em> (9.6%), <em>Lantana camara</em> (6.2%), <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> (6.0%), <em>Fragaria vesca</em> (5.6%), <em>Imperata cylindrica</em> (5.2%), <em>Polygonum alatum</em> (5.1%) and <em>Erigeron canadensis</em> (5.1%). The new formulation glyphosate 71% SG was found to be comparable to the existing formulation glyphosate 41% SL against <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em>, <em>A. houstonianum</em>, <em>Chromolaena adenophora</em>, <em>Bidens pilosa</em>, <em>Fragaria vesca</em>, <em>Polygonum alatum</em>, <em>Erigeron canadensis</em>, <em>Imperata cylindrica</em> and <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> in reducing their population upto 120 days after application (DAA). Glyphosate 71% SG did not show any toxic symptoms on tea crop and tea leaf yield was similar as under standard formulation used in the present study. Glyphosate 71% SG (ammonium salt) sprayed at 6 kg/ha gave highest tea leaf yield (1940 kg/ha) which was statistically similar to the Glyphosate 71% SG (ammonium salt) applied at the rate of 3 kg/ha (1895 kg/ha). It was also comparable to the market sample. Uncontrolled growth of weeds even for a one season reduced tea leaf yield by 48.5%. The bulk density, water holding capacity, moisture content, soil pH, electrical conductivity, available NPK and organic C were not influenced significantly at harvest. The test herbicide glyphosate 71% SG and the market sample glyphosate 41% SL had increased the population of total bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes at harvest over their initial population. However, there was a slight decrease in the population of this microflora immediately after the application of herbicide not due to the herbicide but owing to seasonal variation as the differences between treatments were not significant.
Bioefficacy,Glyphosate,Tea leaf yield,Weeds
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91667.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91667_2ca381d2d2fb058ebdfd9a6c50df6f44.pdf
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
Journal of Research in Weed Science
2651-4699
3
1
2020
03
01
Assessment on the distribution and spread of invasive alien plant species: the case of Zone 1 and 3 of the Afar region, Ethiopia
101
119
EN
Mohammed Ahmed
Mohammed
0000-0001-9200-3409
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
moh379426@gmail.com
Rezene
Fessehai
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
rezenefesseha@rocketmail.com
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.10
The study was conducted with the aim of assessing the distribution and abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in two administrative Zones (1 and 3) of the Afar region. Data were collected using systematic sampling technique and regular intervals of 10 km were used during the field survey. The following weeds <em>Calotropis procera</em>, <em>Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jatropha curcas,</em> <em>Lantana camara, Opuntia stricta, Parkinsonia aculeata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora</em>, <em>Senna occidentalis, </em>and <em>Solanum incanum</em> were recorded in this study. <em>Prosopis</em> was found in 38% of the 91 sample waypoints in the altitude range of 347-1005 meters above sea level whereas <em>C. procera</em> was recorded in 28% of the interceptions between 347 m and 1010 meters above sea level. <em>P. hysterophorus</em> occurred in 15 % of the waypoints in the altitudes ranged from 603 to 1005 meters above sea level. <em>C. grandiflora</em> and<em> P. aculeata</em> were observed respectively in 3% and 6% of the interceptions while <em>L. camara</em> and <em>O. stricta</em> were recorded only at a single waypoint. Higher abundance levels were observed for <em>P. juliflora</em> and <em>C. procera</em>. The majority of the IAPS were found infesting diversified habitats such as road sides, cropland, grazing land, riversides, forest and habitation areas. Awash Fentale district had the highest IAPS richness by possessing all the recorded species. The detailed distribution maps of the identified IAPS were developed and prioritization and ranking of invasive species was made based on abundance levels. The results of this study can be used in invasive weed management or extension programs that aim to tackle major IAPS problems in the region.
Abundance,Distribution,Ethiopia,invasive species,Prosopis,Weeds
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91869.html
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91869_76c646953f83db422a6dc6348b040a80.pdf