ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Review on invasive rate, impacts and control measures of Prosopis juliflora in eastern Ethiopia
Since its introduction into Ethiopia during 1970s, Prosopis juliflora, became an environmental issue in areas where it was first introduced to combat desertification. This review paper was aimed at reviewing some adverse effects of the plant on socioeconomic, environmental and biodiversity with its control practices in the eastern Ethiopia. Contrary to its purpose of introduction, this plant has been found to be highly invasive and, it imposed adverse effects on the native plant species. The plant is declared as an invader which has put impacts on socioeconomic, environment, and biodiversity of the eastern region of Ethiopia especially afar region and Dire Dawa; which became alarm for pastoralists, development agents, scientists, and policy makers. Though cultural practices such as burning and cutting were mainly practiced, the invasion could not be stopped.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_104306_811a2b9779905ad17fb7ec62af15deb3.pdf
2020-12-01
412
419
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.1
Alien species
Exotic species
invasive
Prosopis juliflora
Garuma
Roge
grmn2007@gmail.com
1
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O Box. 31, Holetta, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdillahi A, Aboud P, Kisoyan K, Coppock, D.L. 2005. Agro-Pastoralists’ Wrath for the P. juliflora Tree: The Case of the II Chamus of Baringo District. Pastoral risk Management project, Kenya.
1
Abiyot B, Getachew T. 2006. The P. juliflora Dilemma, Impact on Dry land Biodiversity and Some Controlling Methods. Journal of the Dry Lands. 1(2): 158-164.
2
Anagae A, Reda F, Tesfaye G, Admasu A, Ayalew Y. 2004. Policy and stakeholder analysis for invasive plants management in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization. Report submitted to CAB International under the PDF-B Phase of the UNEP/GEF-Funded Project: Removing Barriers to Invasive Plants Management in Africa, Ethiopia, p. 60.
3
Asfaw H, Thulin M. 1989. Mimosoideae. In: Hedberg, I., Edwards, S. (Eds.), Flora of Ethiopia, Vol.3.National Herbarium, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Uppsala University, Uppsala, pp. 71–73
4
Assis T.S, Medeiros R.M.T, Riet-Correa F, Galiza G.J.N, Danta A.F.M, Oliveira D.M, 2010. Plant poisonings diagnosed in ruminants and horses and estimation of the economic losses in Paraíba. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(1): 13-20.
5
Bleton T. 2008. An assessment of Alien species, and recommendations for management. SAIS Project, RSPB, p 23.
6
BoARD. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development. 2009. Annual report. Dire Dawa.
7
Camara A.C.L, Costa-Nde A, Riet-Correa F, Afonso J.A.B, Dantas A.F.M, Mendonca C.L.de, Souza M.I. 2009. Spontaneous poisoning in cattle by mesquite beans, Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) in Pernambuco. Pesq.Vet. Bras. 29(3): 233-240.
8
CBD. 2010. Convention of Biological Diversity http://www.cbd.int/invasive. Accessed 15Feb 2012.
9
CRC. Weed Management. 2003. Weed management guide: mesquite –Prosopis species. Queensland, Australia.
10
EARO and HADRA. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization and Henry Double Day Research Association. 2005. Controlling the spread of Prosopis juliflora in Ethiopia by its utilization. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
11
El-keblawy A, Al-Rawai A. 2006. Effect of salinity, temperature and light on germination of invasive P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. J Arid Environ. 61: 555-565.
12
Geesing D, Al-Khawlani M, Abba M.L. 2004. Management of introduced Prosopis species: can economic exploitation control an invasive species? Unasylva -No. 217 - Forest threats. Vol.55 2004/2.
13
Hailu S, Demel T, Sileshi N, Fassil A. 2004. Some biological characteristics that foster the invasion of Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. At Middle Awash Rift Valley Area, northeastern Ethiopia. J. Arid. Environ. 58: 135-154.
14
Hobbs R.J, Humphries S.E. 1995. An Integrated Approach to the Ecology and Management of Plant Invasions. Conservation Biology. 9(4): 761-770.
15
Jorn L. 2007. Is Prosopis a curse or a blessing? an ecological–economic analysis of an invasive alien tree species in Sudan. Helsinki: Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), University of Helsinki.
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LeHouerou H.N. 1980. Agroforestry Techniques for Conservation and Improvement of Soil Fertility in Arid and Semiarid Zones. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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19
Mwangi E, Shallow B. 2005. Invasion of P. juliflora and local livelihoods: Case study from the lake Baringo area of Kenya. ICRAF working paper No.3, World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.
20
Pasiecznik N.M, Felker P, Harris P.J.C, Harsh C.G, Tewari J.C, Cadoret K, Maldonado L.J. 2001. The Prosopis Juliflora – Prosopis pallida: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK.
21
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22
Rezene F. 2006. Challenges and potential of P. juliflora. pp. 53-63 In: Alien invasive.
23
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24
Silva A.M.M, Silva A.R, Pinheiro A.M, Freitas S.R.V.B, Silva, V.D.A, Souza C.S, Hughes J.B, El-Bachá R.S, Costa M.F.D, Velozo E.S, Tardy M, Costa S.L. 2007. Alkaloids from Prosopis juliflora leaves induce glial activation, cytotoxicity and stimulate NO production. Toxicon. 49(5): 601-614.
25
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26
Tabosa I.M, Souza J.C, Graca D.L, Barbosa-Filho J.M, Almeida R.N, Correa F. 2000. Neuronal vacuolation of the trigeminal nuclei in goats caused by ingestion of Prosopis juliflora pods. Vet. Hum. Toxic. 42(3): 155-158.
27
Tamdo T. 2001. Biology and management of parthenium weed, PartheniumhysterophorusL.in Eastern Ethiopia. Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
28
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29
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of weed control on growth, yield and physicochemical properties of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)
A limiting factor in valerian production is weed interference so, the crop protection from weed is essential. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons (2014-2015) to evaluate different weed control methods on growth, yield, and oil quality of valerian in Iran. The experimental design was a randomized block with 7 treatment and 4 replicates. Treatments included untreated control, manual weeding, barley straw, sorghum straw, wheat, black plastic and post-emergence oxadiargyl. The lowest density and dry weight of weeds was related to the manual weeding treatment. Result showed that the maximum growth parameters of valerian were obtained from manual weeding treatment followed by black plastic, barely straw and sorghum straw reflecting superior weed control. Essential oil analyses indicated that bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene and α-pinene were the most abundant constituents. These components on average represent 27.7, 14.7, 4.1 and 2.2% of the oils that were extracted from plant, respectively. Bornyl acetate, valerenal and camphene contents did not vary with the various studied treatments although there was a trend toward higher in manual weeding treatment. Overall finding of current experiments suggested that barely straw and sorghum straw are potential substitutes for manual weeding and black plastic mulch for weed control in valerian.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_103976_d8ed1bd9b1a9e7cff6844198d97c0ad4.pdf
2020-12-01
420
435
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.2
Allelopathy
Essential oil
Medicinal plant
Oxadiargyl
Marjan
Diyanat
ma_dyanat@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sara
Baziar
sarah.baziar@gmail.com
2
Department of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
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69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Construction and evaluation of flame weeding to remove weed in corn and sugar beet rows
Weed increase reduces crop yields, while chemicals applied to control weed have adverse environmental impacts. Thermal control has a less negative effect on the environment and health of consumers compared to chemical methods. After construction, the flame weeding efficiency of this method for eliminating near-row weed at three speeds of drive and three different amounts of liquid gas consumption was evaluated. The flame weeding manufactured and connected to the back of an offset tractor and navigation system. The flame weeding had a sidewall that prevented the flame from directly touching crop plants inside the row. Flame weeding were performed based on split-plots and on randomized complete block design with two factors of movement speed at three levels of low (3 km/h), medium (4 km/h) and high (5 km/h) and liquid gas consumption does at three levels of low (3 km/h), medium (5 km/h) and high (7 km/h). The results in both sugar beet and corn showed the interactive effects of two speed and amount consumption factors on each other. Weed control rates had varied considerably with flame treatment at different speeds and doses of liquid gas. With the increasing speed and decreasing liquid gas, the average weed control ratio decreased from 0.86 to 0.1. needle leaf weed control ratio in all cases is less than broadleaf weed. As the advance rate and the amount of liquid gas consumed decreases, the proportion of weed control declines substantially, and vice versa. This trend showed an inverse correlation between speed and liquid gas consumption factors.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_105710_a10f552ba3df1f76fc40b129dd7d0837.pdf
2020-12-01
436
450
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.3
Corn
Flame weeding
Sugar beet
Weed control
Mehrdad
Hassani
mehrdadhasani67@gmail.com
1
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Hemmati gezaz
hasan.hemmati68@gmail.com
2
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Behfar
behfar@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Shamsollah
Abdollah Pour
shamstabriz1@yahoo.com
4
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ascard J. 1989 Thermal weed control with flaming in onions. In: 30th Swedish Crop Protection Conference: Weed and Weed Control. Vol. 2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 35–50.
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Bruening C.A. 2009. Development of Propane Flaming Equipment for Thermal Weed Control in Agronomic Crops (Master’s thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
4
Knezevic S.Z, Datta A, Bruening C, Gogos G, Stepanovic S, Neilson B, Nedeljkovic D. 2012. Propane-fueled flame weeding in corn, soybean, and sunflower. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
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Stepanovic S.V. 2013. Positioning an Innovative Flame-weeding Technology in to Crop Production. University of Nebraska- Lincoln-Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons, 92-105.
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Ulloa S.M, Datta A, Knezevic S.Z. 2010. Growth Stage-Influenced Differential Response of Foxtail and Pigweed Species to Broadcast Flaming Growth Stage-Influenced Differential Response of Foxtail and Pigweed Species to Broadcast Flaming. 24(3): 319-325
12
Vanhala P, Kurstjens D, Ascard J, Bertram A, Cloutier D.C, Mead A, Rasmussen J. 2004. Guidelines for physical weed control research: flame weeding, weed harrowing and intra-row cultivation. Proceedings 6th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control. 194-225.
13
Vincent C, Panneton B, Fleurat F. 2001. Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection. (C. Vincent, B. Panneton, and F. Fleurat-Lessard, Eds.) Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 10-31.
14
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15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Herbicidal activity of allelopathic extracts of sorghum and some herbicides on wheat and accompanied weeds
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the herbicidal activity allelopathic extracts of sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor L.) on wheat and accompanied weeds namely wild oat and canary grass under local conditions in Egypt. The biocidal activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of sorghum was compared with two of the most common herbicides used on wheat i.e. diclofop-methyl and clodinafop-propargyl. Application of the tested materials was carried out by using three concentrations of sorghum extracts (5, 10 and 20%) and the recommended dose of each diclofop-methyl (750 ml/fed) and clodinafop-propargyl (140 gm/fed) under laboratory, green house and semi field conditions. The herbicidal and phytotoxic effects of both biochemical agents and conventional herbicides were carried out by measuring germination percentage, seedling shoots and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant numbers, spike length and spike weight of the treated wheat. The obtained results indicated that there is no adverse effect of the tested extracts against the measured parameters of productivity and yield of wheat. At the same time promising herbicidal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of sorghum was revealed against wild oat and canary grass in particular with aqueous extract of sorghum at concentration of 20%.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107134_6c7bf05d250a8e08e2839716dd6d33c0.pdf
2020-12-01
451
464
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.4
Allelopathic extracts
Biochemical herbicides
Canary grass
wild oat
Amira S.
Othman
amira_salah@agr.asu.edu.eg
1
Department of Plant Protection, Facultyof Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.S
El –Zemaity
mselzemaity@hotmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Facultyof Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.A
Dahroug
sayed.dahrog020@gmail.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Facultyof Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A
Hanafi
asy3012@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Protection, Facultyof Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmad S, Cheema Z.A, Mehmood A. 1991. Response of some rabi weeds in wheat to allelopathic effects of irrigated sorghum in a sorghum wheat cropping systems. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 4: 81-88.
1
Arif M, Cheema Z.A, Khaliq A, Hassan A. 2015. Organic weed management in wheat through allelopathy. Int. J. Agri. Biology. 17(1): 127-134.
2
Asgharipour M.R, Armin M. 2010. Inhibitory effects of Sorghum halepens root and leaf extracts on germination and early seedling growth of widely used medicinal plants. Adv Environ Biol. 4(2): 316-324.
3
Bhowmik P.C, Inderjit. 2003. Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Prot. 22: 661-671.
4
Bibi S, Marwat K.B, Hassan G, Khan M. 2008. Effect of herbicides and wheat population on control of weeds in wheat. Pak J. Plant Sci. 14: 59-65.
5
Cheema Z.A, Khaliq A. 2000. Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region of Punjab. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 79: 105–112.
6
Cheema Z.A, Sadiq H.M.I, Khaliq A. 2000. Efficacy of sorgaab (sorghum water extract) as a natural weed inhibitor in wheat. Int. J. Agri. Biology. 2: 1-2.
7
Cheema Z.A, Khaliq A, Akhtar S. 2001. Use of sorgaab (sorghum water extract) as a natural weed inhibitor in spring Mungbean. Int. J. Agri. Biology. 3(4): 12-18.
8
Chung I.M, Ahn J.K, Yun S.J. 2001. Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 815-819.
9
El-Metwally I.M, El-Rokiek K.G. 2007. Response of wheat plants and accompanied weeds to some new herbicides alone or combined in sequence. Arab Univ. J. Agri Sci. 15 (2): 513-525.
10
El-Rokiek K.G, El-Shahawy T.A, Sharara F.A. 2006. New approach to use rice straw waste for weed control. II.the effect of rice straw extract and fusilade (herbicide) on some weeds infesting soybean (Glysin max L.). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 8(2): 269-275.
11
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14
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17
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18
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Nimbal C.I, Pedersen J.F, Yerkes C.N, Weston L.A, Weller S.C. 1996. Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain sorghum germplasm. J. Agr. Food Chem. 44: 1343-1347.
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21
Randhawa M.A, Cheema Z.A, Anjumali M. 2002. Allelopathic effect of sorghum water extract on the germination and seedling growth of Trianthema Portulacastrum. Int. J. Agri. Biol sci. 4(3): 383-384.
22
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23
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
De novo transcriptome analysis of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and insights into its potential uses
Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a notorious weed, which significantly reduce yield and quality of crops and causes several problems to human health. In, present study an attempt was made to understand the economic value, and survival nature of Parthenium through deep transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis of leaf and root tissue of P. hysterophorus had resulted 7,832,143 reads in case of leaves, and 9,646,830 reads in case of roots sample with longest read length of 300 and 298 nucleotides, respectively. A total of 35,719 contigs were produced with an average length of 548bp after an assembly in all two samples. The Blastn of the above generated contigs with 61,901 sequences of P. argentatum resulted in the identification of 25,947 novel contigs specific to P. hysterophorus. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway based analysis showed the expression of genes associated with pathways pertaining to biosynthesis of Glucosinolate, Amino acids, and Aminobenzoate degradation etc. The expression pattern of genes like Artemisinic aldehyde Delta (11(13)) reductase, Codeine O-demethylase, Taraxerol synthase, and Curculin-2 related to biosynthetic of therapeutic importance pathways was also evidenced. Further, the heavy metal accumulator property of P. hysterophorus was also studied. Expression analysis of heavy metal transporters such as ferrous ion transport protein B, and zinc transporter in roots was also validated with its heavy metal transport activity. This investigation provides new insights for functional studies of P. hysterophorus genes involved in biosynthesis of therapeutically important secondary metabolites, and other possible uses such as raw material for rubber industry.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107460_d5b83fea917a356f4630ddfe6d76ac9a.pdf
2020-12-01
465
489
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.5
Host
medicinal
Parthenium
Resistant
Transcriptome
Transporters
Neeraj
Kumar Dubey
neerajd19@gmail.com
1
Botany Department, Rashtriya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Jaunpur 222001 (Uttar Pradesh) India
AUTHOR
Kapil
Gupta
kapilgupta190184@gmail.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Dist-Ajmer-305817 (Rajasthan) India
AUTHOR
Jasmin Kumar
Kheni
jasminkheni@gmail.com
3
Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, (Gujarat) India
AUTHOR
Geetgovind
Sinam
geetgovindsinam@gmail.com
4
CIF Division, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR) PO Box No 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001 (Uttar Pradesh) India
AUTHOR
Rukam Singh
Tomar
rukam@jau.in
5
Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, (Gujarat) India
AUTHOR
Ajit Kumar
Shasany
ak.shasany@cimap.res.in
6
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow-226015 (Uttar Pradesh) India
AUTHOR
Ritesh
Kumar
riteshbiochem2006@gmail.com
7
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow-226015 (Uttar Pradesh) India
AUTHOR
Jogeswar
Panigrahi
drjpanigrahi@gmail.com
8
Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Berhampur 760001 (Orissa) India
AUTHOR
Aditya Kumar
Gupta
guptaditya1954@gmail.com
9
Botany Department, Rashtriya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Jaunpur 222001 (Uttar Pradesh) India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aly R, Dubey N.K, Yahyaa M, Abu-Nassar J, Ibdah M. 2014. Gene silencing of CCD7 and CCD8 in Phelipanche aegyptiaca by tobacco rattle virus system retarded the parasite development on the host. Plant signaling & behavior. 9: e29376.
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2
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Keshwal R.L. 1982. Spread of Parthenium phyllody under field condition. Indian J. Weed Sci. 14: 34-36
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Kumar R, Vashisth D, Misra A, Akhtar M.Q, Jalil S.U, Shanker K, Gupta M.M, Rout P.K, Gupta A.K, Shasany A.K. 2016. RNAi down-regulation of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase increases artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Sci rep. 6: 26458.
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Kumar S, Chashoo G, Saxena A.K, Pandey A.K. 2013. Parthenium hysterophorus: a probable source of anticancer, antioxidant and anti-HIV agents. BioMed Res Int. 17.
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Kushwaha V.B, Maurya S. 2012. Biological utilities of Parthenium hysterophorus. J Appl Natural Sci. 4: 137-43.
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Li D, Wang X, Deng Z, Liu H, Yang H, He G. 2016. Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanism underlying tapping panel dryness of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Sci Rep. 6: 11-13.
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Li Z, Zhang L, Che H, Liu H, Chi M, Luo D, et al. 2011. A disease associated with phytoplasma in Parthenium hysterophorus. Phytoparasitica. 39: 407–410.
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inventory and mechanisms of cultural control practices for weed management, a review
An inventory of cultural control practices is undertaken by considering each practice for its biological selectivity with respect to weeds. Descriptions of cultural practices in the literature are often brief. Some recent syntheses neglect knowledge from older publications. Disagreement concerning the delimitation of these practices is common. Clarification of the knowledge base concerning the cultural management of field flora is required for "sustainable agriculture". The selectivity most often mentioned for each practice is limited to a few examples of taxa in a geographically limited area and is rarely considered in the light of general mechanisms of action on biological cycles. The controversial distinction made by many authors between preventive and curative methods is unnecessary. Each practice listed is presented with its biological target. On the scale of a single cultural cycle, thirty practices are compared. Each target tends to have a specific biological descriptor. Most of the practice target pairs have the disadvantage of having an extreme state opposed to that of the target. Crop rotations are described as successions between non-competitive crops or practices that encourage certain weeds on the one hand and cleaning crops or practices on the other. The latter mainly target diaspores that have a lifespan inferior to the planned cleaning duration. The allelopathic after-effects show three mechanisms. In temperate climates, rotations may be complex with respect to the diversity of crop and weed phenologies. Combinations of cultural interventions must take into account the mechanisms involved, particularly because some results could cancel each other out.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107135_bf50a76f503e1ec13a39f556750d05f0.pdf
2020-12-01
490
528
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.6
Cultural cycle
Cultural practice
Mimicking weed
Crop rotation
life cycle
Biological selectivity
Daniel
Chicouene
daniel.chicouene@orange.fr
1
Kerbeun'Tiulture, 13 Kerbeneuc, 22250 Lanrelas, France
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abouziena H.F, Haggag W.M. 2016. Weed Control in Clean Agriculture: A Review. Planta daninha. 34: 2
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94
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of Wheat and Accompanied Weeds to Allelophathic Extracts of Rice Straw and Some Herbicides
The objective of this work is to evaluate the allelopathic effects of the aqueous and methanolic extract of rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat weeds, including wild oat (Avena fatual L.) andcanary grass (phalaris minor). Three concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) of each aqueous and methanolic extract as well as the recommended dose of chemical herbicide clodinafop propargyl (140 g/ fed) and diclofop-methyl (750 ml/fed) were used on the tested plants as a post-emergence treatments. Response of the treated plants were measured by using 7 parameters includes: germination %, seedling shoots and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant number and spike length and weight of treated wheat. Data of each parameter were discussed separately. Generally, treatments with higher concentrations (20% rice straw aqueous and methanolic extract) showed negative effects on wheat weeds at the same time cause increasing the wheat productivity. However, rice straw methanolic extracts showed suppressive effect on wheat seed. Comparing the efficacy of the straw extract with the tested conventional herbicides, the obtained data showed that clodinafop propargyl and diclofop-methyl were the most effective against the time tested weeds as it severely reduced the weed population and other tested parameters.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107136_4d755869e22e9181fa7bf6d96f7503fd.pdf
2020-12-01
529
544
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.7
Biochemical herbicides
Canary grass
Plant extracts
Rice straw
wild oat
Amira.S
Othman
amira_salah@agr.asu.edu.eg
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.S
El–Zemaity
mselzemaity@hotmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.A
Dahroug
msdehroug@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A
Hanafi
asy3012@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Afridi R.A, Khan M.A, Hussain Z, Saleem S, Khan S, Afridi K, Ali M. 2013. Allelopathic effects of rice straw extract on different crops and weeds. ARPN J. Agri. and Biology Sci. 8(5): 127-132.
1
Ashraf M, Akhlaq M. 2007. Effects of sorghum leaves, roots and stems water extract, hand weeding and herbicide on weeds suppression and yield of wheat.Sarhad J. Agri.23(2):2-9.
2
Awan F. K, Rasheed M,Ashraf M, Khurshid M.Y. 2012. Efficacy of brassica sorghum and sunflower aqueous extracts to control wheat weeds under rainfed conditions of pothwar, Pakistan. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 22(3): 26-31.
3
Batish D.R, Singh H.P, Kaur S, Kohli R.K. 2006.Phytotoxicity of ageratum conyzoides residues towards growth and nodulation of cicerarietinum. Agri. Ecosys Environ. 113: 399-401
4
Bibi S, Marwat K.B, Hassan G, khan M. 2008.Effect of herbicides and wheat population on control of weeds in wheat.pak J. Plant Sci. 14: 59-65.
5
Bhadoria P.B.S. 2011. Allelopathy: A natural way towards weed management.American J. experimental agri. 17: 176-179.
6
Cheema Z.A, Khaliq A. 2000. Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region of Punjab. Agri. Ecosystem and Environmental, 79: 105–112.
7
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8
Cheema Z.A, Khaliq A, Farooq M. 2008. Sorghum allelopathy for weed management in wheat. Springer, New York. 8: 255-270.
9
Cheema Z.A, Muhammad F, Khaliq A, Haider G. 2012.Allelopathyfor weed management in wheat.Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 18: 741-747.
10
Chung I.M, Ahn J.K, Yun S.J. 2001.Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.)straw and their biological activity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 815-819.
11
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12
Goran Y.A.R, Sakri F.A. 2008.A study on the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract two rice cultivars on seed germination and seedlings of wheat, barley and some weeds.Zanko, J. Pure and Applied Sci. 20(5): 6-14.
13
Hamada S.H.E, Abdel-Lateef M.F, Abdelmonem A.E, El-Kholy R.M.A, Helalia A.A.R. 2013.Efficiency of certain clodinafop-propargyl formulations in controlling annual grassy weeds in wheat. Annals of Agri. Sci. 58(1):13-18.
14
Hassan G, Hanif Z, Lateef M, Khan M.I, Khan S.A. 2005. Tolerance of avenafatua and phalaris minor to some graminacides. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 11(1-2): 69-73.
15
Huang T, Yang T, Aibibu Z, Jian C, Zhang A. 2011.Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new substituted 2- and 4-pyrimidinyloxyphenoxypropionate derivatives. ARKAT USA, Inc. ARKIVOC. 1-17.
16
Jamil M, Cheema Z.A, Mushtaq M.N, Farooq M, Cheema M.A. 2009. Alternative control of wild oat and canary grass in wheat fields by allelopathic plant water extracts. Agron Sustain Dev. 29(3): 475–482.
17
Khatam A, Khan M.Z, Nawaband K, Mian I.A. 2013. Effect of various herbicides and manual control on yield, yield components and weeds of maize. Pak J. Weed Sci. 9: 654-662.
18
Mehdizadeh, M. 2016. Effect of Pesticide Residues on Agricultural Food Production; A Case Study: Sensitivity of Oilseed Rape to Triasulfuron Herbicide Soil Residue. MOJ Food Processing & Technology 2 (6). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2016.02.00054
19
Mehdizade M, Mushtaq W. 2019. Biological Control of Weeds by Allelopathic Compounds From Different Plants: A BioHerbicide Approach. In: Egbuna C, Sawicka B. Natural Remedies for Pest, Disease and Weed Control. Academic Press. 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819304-4.00009-9
20
Moosavi A, Afshari R.T, Asadi A, Gharineh M.H. 2011. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of leaf stem and root of sorghum bicolor on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata L. Sci Biol. 3(2): 114-118.
21
Naderi R, Bijanzadeh E. 2012.Allelopathic potential of leaf, stem and root extracts of some Iranian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) growth. Plant Knowledge J. 1(2): 37-40.
22
Pujisiswanto H, Yudono P, Sulistyaningsih E, Sunarminto B.H. 2013.Effect of acetic acid as pre-plant herbicide on maize germination.ARPN. J. Agri. Biol Sci. 8(10): 1990-6145.
23
Rice E.L. 1984.Allelopathy,2ndEd.Academicpress,Inc.Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
24
Shehzad M.A, Maqsood M, Anwar-ul-Haq M, Niaz A. 2012. Efficacy of various herbicides against weeds in wheat (TriticumaestivumL.). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(4): 791-799.
25
Yang C.M, Chang I.F, Lin S.J, Chou C.H. 2004.Effects of three allelopathicphenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings: II. Stimulation of consumption orientation. Bot. Bull. Academia. Sinica. 45: 119-125.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of rainfall gradient and previous crop on weed flora diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.]) crop under Sudano-sahelian conditions of Senegal
A study was conducted to determine the effect of climate gradient and previous crop on weed flora structure in pearl millet crop. Thus, floristic surveys were carried out during 2016 and 2017 crop years on station in Sahelian, Sudano-sahelian and Sudanian zones of Senegal. The results revealed that flora consisted of 81 species distributed in 59 genera and 19 families. Higher number of species were recorded in Sudanian zone (Kolda and Séfa) with respectively 61 and 45 species and the lowest number of species were found at Vélingara in Sudano-sahelian zone (28 species) and Sinthiou Malème in sahelian zone (28 species). According to previously crop, the higher number of species was registered in previous fallow (64 species) followed by previous pearl millet (57 species). In previous mucuna and peanut, flora is 14 percent lower than species recorded in previous fallow. Spectrum analysis indicated that the flora is largely dominated by therophytes, which includes 81.5% of the recorded species. It’s presence in pearl millet field was higher in Sahelian zone (93%) followed by Sudano-sahelian zone (89%) and Sudanian zone (Kolda and Séfa) with respectively 80 and 84% of recorded species. Domination of therophytes is more accurate in plot with previous fallow (86%) followed by previous millet (82%), previous peanut (81%) and previous mucuna (79%). Also, it was observed a decreasing of perennial species from Sudanian to Sahelian zone.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107276_6ed39e34e2b24fc95aa61ca3bade321b.pdf
2020-12-01
545
555
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.8
Pearl millet
Previous crop
Rainfall gradient
Senegal
Weed flora
Samba Laha
KA
kasam74@gmail.com
1
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, SENEGAL
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baboucar
BAMBA
baboucar.bamba@yahoo.com
2
Centre de Recherches Agricoles de Ziguinchor, BP: 34 Ziguinchor, SENEGAL.
AUTHOR
Moustapha
GUEYE
moustapha.gueye@yahoo.com
3
Centre de Recherches Agricoles de Saint Louis, BP: 53 Saint Louis, SENEGAL
AUTHOR
Ousmane
SAWANE
ousmane.sawane@yahoo.com
4
Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, BP: 523 Ziguinchor, SENEGAL
AUTHOR
Mame Samba
MBAYE
mamesamba.mbaye@yahoo.com
5
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, SENEGAL
AUTHOR
Kandioura
NOBA
kandioura.noba@yahoo.com
6
Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, BP:5005 Dakar, SENEGAL
AUTHOR
Akpo L.E. 2000.Evolution de la diversité végétale dans le terroir de Saré Yéro Banna. In : La jachère en Afrique tropicale. Paris, France, John Libbey EUROTEXT.
1
Bamba B, Gueye M, Badiane A, Ndom D, Ka SL. 2019. Effet de la date et de la densité de semis sur la croissance et le rendement en grain du mil tardif [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] dans les zones sud est et sud du Sénégal. J Appl Biosci. 138: 14106-14122.
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Bourgeois B, Munoz F, Fried G, Mahaut L, Armengot L, Denelle P et al. 2019. What makes a weed a weed? A large-scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens. Amer J Bot. 106(1): 1-11.
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Ikuenobe C.E, Anoliefo G.O. 2003. Influence of Chromolaena odorata and Mucuna pruriens fallow duration on weed infestation. Weed Res. 43(3): 199-207.
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Maillet J. 1981. Evolution de la flore adventice dans le Montpelliérain sous la pression des techniques culturales. Thèse de Docteur- Ingénieur, Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, USTL, Montpellier (France), 200 p.
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Masilionyte L, Maiksteniene S, Kriauciuniene Z, Jablonskyte-Rasce D, Zou L, Sarauskis E. 2016. Effect of cover crops in smothering weeds and volunteer plants in alternative farming systems. Crop Prot. 91: 74-81.
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22
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tank-mix application of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting herbicide (mesotrione, tembotrione or topramezone) with atrazine improves weed control in maize (Zea mays L.)
Field experiments were conducted to identify the effective tank-mix combinations of HPPD (p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) herbicides (Mesotrione, tembotrione and topramezone) with atrazine for post-emergence grass and broadleaf weeds control in maize crop during the three kharif seasons of 2013 to 2015. The dominant weeds infested the experimental plots were crow footgrass{Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.}; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop; barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; Digera arvensis Forsk. and Horse purslane(Trianthema portulacastrum L.). All the three HPPD herbicides showed good crop safety and among them, for grass weed control, mesotrione 120 g ha-1 applied alone was inferior to topramezone 50 g ha-1 and tembotrione 120 g ha-1 applications. However, reduced doses of the HPPD herbicide (mesotrione 90 g or topramezone 37.5 g or tembotrione 90 g ha-1) with atrazine 900 g ha-1 as post-emergent tank-mixture gave better weed control and maize yield than their solo applications. The uncontrolled weed competition reduced the maize yields by 31.5 to 68.5%. Overall, topramezone + atrazine provided comparable or superior control of annual grass and broad-leaf weeds than mesotrione + atrazine or tembotrione + atrazine. Post applied (15-18 days after sowing) atrazine 1000 g ha-1 was better to pre-emergence atrazine in weed control and producing maize yield. In another field study, replacement of maize with puddle rice completely reduced the Johnsongrass {Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.} density and therefore, in areas having its infestation, rice can be an alternative to contain its problem. The synergistic interactions between HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, and atrazine, were also observed against three grass weeds in pot experimentation as higher weed control achieved than what was expected from Colby’s equation. The results show that tank-mixture of topramezone or tembotrione with atrazine can be effectively used for diverse weed flora control in maize.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107581_bb5899458eb01deef62a3d727608bc3d.pdf
2020-12-01
556
581
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.9
Atrazine
Grass weeds
HPPD herbicides
Johnsongrass
Tank-mix combinations
Rajender S.
Chhokar
rs_chhokar@yahoo.co.in
1
Resource Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ramesh K.
Sharma
rks20037@gmail.com
2
Resource Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
AUTHOR
Subhash C.
Gill
sbhgill@yahoo.com
3
Resource Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
AUTHOR
Gyanendra P.
Singh
director.iiwbr@icar.gov.in
4
Resource Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Integrated weed management practices enhance maize (Zea mays L) productivity and weed control efficiency
A field experiment was undertaken to determine optimum combination of weed management practices and inter-row spacing levels for effective weed control in maize at Bako agricultural research center, Western Oromia, Ethiopia during 2018 main cropping season. The treatments included pre-emergence s-metolachlor 290 g/L + atrazine 370 g/L (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 L ha-1), hand pulling and hoeing 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) and weedy check in combination with inter-row spacing levels (65, 70, 75, and 80 cm). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. The experimental field was infested with 22 weed species belonging to 12 families, out of which 77.3 %, 18.2 % and 4.5 % were broad leaved, grass and sedges, respectively. Weed management practices (WMP), inter-row spacing (IRS) and their interaction significantly influenced the weed density, dry weight and weed control efficiency at 25 and 70 DAS. All parameters of the crop were significantly affected by WMP and IRS. However, their interaction was non-significant except for number of ear per plant and grain yield. The highest grain yield was recorded in inter-row spacing of 65 cm treated with hand pulling and hoeing 25 and 45 DAS (10492.0 kg ha-1). Whereas, the lowest grain yield (2237.0 kg ha-1) was obtained from weedy check plot at 80 cm inter-row spacing. On the other hand, maize planted at 65 cm IRS in combination with 2 L ha-1 s-metolachlor 290g/L + atrazine 370 g/L gave comparable grain yield which was statistically at par with that of hand pulling and hoeing 25 and 45 DAS and 3 L ha-1 s-metolachlor 290g/l. + atrazine 370 g/L involving the same IRS. Hence, putting the environmental concern and scarce labor force under consideration, the use of reduced rate (2 L ha-1) of herbicide in combination with narrower IRS would be the best option for effective weed management in maize. Furthermore, integration of narrower IRS with other weed management treatments enhance maize grain yield there by improving weed control efficiency.
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_107492_947fa10a48b6c51a9f41cacf8392bcb1.pdf
2020-12-01
582
598
10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.4.10
Hand weeding
Harmonize
Pre-emergence herbicide
Spacing
weed
Megersa
Kebede
magarsaa430@gmail.com
1
Crop Protection Research Program, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wakuma
Bayisa
wakuma.bayisa@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veternary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Etagegnehu
Geberemariam
etagegnehu.geberemariam@yahoo.com
3
Weed Science Research Program, Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Adama, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Kebede
Desalegn
kebede.desalegn@yahoo.com
4
Crop Breeding and Genetics Research Program, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Geleta
Gerema
geleta.gerema@yahoo.com
5
Crop Breeding and Genetics Research Program, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Girma
Chemeda
girma.chemeda@yahoo.com
6
Crop Breeding and Genetics Research Program, Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
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