@article { author = {Hassan, Sohaib and Tanveer, Asif}, title = {Nutritional dynamics in some forage weeds regarding to the phenological stages}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.1}, abstract = {Weeds could replace the cultivated fodders in case of fodder shortage. But most of farmers are not aware about the potential of traditional weeds in croplands. Thus, an experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional quality of some forage weeds with respect to their phonological development. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by analysis of variance technique and means of treatments were compared by least significant difference test. Qualitative traits of selected weeds were determined through the methods developed by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that the quantitative traits of weeds differ from each other. It was found that the moisture decreased from vegetative (86.13-90.92%) to post reproductive stage (86.77-73.56%) and crude protein decreased from vegetative (16.95-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (11.52-15.09%) in all weeds. Similarly ash contents decreased from vegetative (13.72-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (9.26-13.11%) in all weeds. The crude fats were nearly similar in all stages (1.75-2.00%). Dry matter and crude fiber increased (9.08-13.87 to 13.23-26.44% and 9.86-21.95 to 21.58-31.63%, respectively) from vegetative to post reproductive stage. Overall results declared that the biomass produced by weeds was a luxurious source for livestock production during the vegetative stage of growth as the nutritional quality decreased from vegetative to post reproductive stages. Further research is needed to explore the forage quality of all common weeds present in croplands.}, keywords = {forage,nutrition,Phenological stages,Weeds}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89555.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89555_01d98a2fe4769c692964ab01557dc9b6.pdf} } @article { author = {Yigermal, Habtamu and Nakachew, Kelemu and Assefa, Fenta}, title = {Distribution, threats and management options for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Ethiopia: A review}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {9-23}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.2}, abstract = {Water hyacinth is free-floating, stoloniferous and perennial herb. It is an aquatic invasive species; native to South America and most aggressive invasive species worldwide. It profoundly invaded the tropical and subtropical region of the world, as a result of ornamental properties and reproductive capability of the weed. In addition, it is recognized as one of the worst weeds due to its rapid proliferation rate, ecological adaptability and detrimental effects on environment, human health and economic development. It poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems includes destruction of biodiversity, hindrance to water transport and recreation, oxygen depletion and reduction of water quality, breeding ground for pests, vectors and their effect on human health, hampering agriculture and fisheries, affect hydropower and water supply systems and increased evapo-transpiration. Therefore deferent management strategies such as physical, chemical and biological methods had been used to control the weed. Accordingly manual removal was used in South Africa; Zimbabwe Lake Mutirikwi; Ethiopia Wonji-Shewa Sugar Factory and Owen fall hydropower in Jinja at Lake Victoria. Chemical control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero using 2-4-D; South-west Nigeria Ere fishing channel by glyphosate; South Africa larger dams and river systems by using glyphosate; Zimbabwe acetic acid and glyphosate control the weed at experimental site. Biological control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero through combination of weevil and fungi; Kenya Lake Victoria and China by two types of weevils (Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhornia) and Ethiopia Neochetina bruchi and fungi at Rift Valley and in green house at experimental level respectively.}, keywords = {Aquatic,Control,Impact,invasive,water hyacinth}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89806.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89806_ffdfa228c02ab36ffba91d2340d66348.pdf} } @article { author = {Tampubolon, Koko and Saragih, Wismaroh Sanniwati and Purba, Zavandri and Hamzani, Ikhlas}, title = {Single and Multiple Resistance of Eleusine indica from Asahan Regency, Indonesia}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {24-35}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.3}, abstract = {Eleusine indica population at oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency has never been reported to being resistant to glyphosate and paraquat. This research was aimed to the resistance classification of E. indica population to glyphosate from one of oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency and to find out of glyphosate-resistant Eleusine (GRE) biotype has been also resistant to paraquat. This research was conducted on Weed Research Center Land, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan from September 2017 until May 2018. Single resistance evaluation of E. indica population was performed using glyphosate at the dose 720 g a.i.ha-1. However the multiple resistance of GRE biotype was performed using paraquat at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g a.i.ha-1 and glyphosate at rates of 0, 720, 1440, 2880, and 5760 g a.i.ha-1. Susceptible-population (ESU-0) was taken at ball field of Politeknik Negeri Medan (Medan City) as a comparison. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test at level 5% using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that E. indica populations from one of oil palm estate in the Asahan Regency had survival of 81.48% (classified as glyphosate-resistant) and the dry weight of 24.35 g. Glyphosate at the dose 2880 g a.i.ha-1 and paraquat at the dose 200 g a.i.ha-1 were effectively (100%) controlled survival, tillers.pot-1, fresh weight.pot-1, dry weight.pot-1 and mortality of GRE biotype. The resistance index value of GRE biotype to glyphosate and paraquat of 4.91- and 1.26-fold, respectively compared to susceptible plants.}, keywords = {Eleusine indica,Glyphosate,Paraquat,Resistant}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89865.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_89865_60af08c955ae8930f2e89fa1e71dd4b9.pdf} } @article { author = {Spandana, Dondapudi and Ratna Kumar, P.K. and Indhu Keerthana, P.}, title = {Diseased weeds and weed pathogens of paddy fields in Devarapalli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {36-47}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.4}, abstract = {Weeds are responsible for heavy yield losses in rice, to the extent of complete crop failure under severe infestation conditions. They occur in every field of rice (Oryza sativa) in the world which is the vital food for more than two billion people in Asia. A systematic field study was conducted in paddy field of Devarapalli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Infested weeds were collected in paddy field crops for plants identification, observation, and collection. The random quadrant method was adopted for this study. The collected diseased weed plants were carried out for the extensive study on symptoms, isolation and pathogenicity of the organisms that involved in leaf spot diseases. The causal agents of diseased weed plants were isolated. The inoculated fungal pathogens are incubated on PDA for pure cultures. After harvesting of spores they were observed under the microscope. The study is used to know host specificity of isolated fungal pathogens on test plants and also used to identify bio control agents for crop development. Investigator hopes that diseased weeds of rice fields in study area provide good source of information of technical and taxonomic data to the academic institutes and research organizations like Agricultural colleges, Universities, Agricultural Universities and other agricultural agencies}, keywords = {isolation,Pathogenicity,Potato Dextrose Agar,Quadrant,Weed infestation}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90897.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90897_014dc0bf6c60e0f3816faa54febb7d2a.pdf} } @article { author = {KA, Samba Laha and GUEYE, Moustapha and MBAYE, Mame Samba and NGOM, Modou and CAMARA, Abdou Aziz and CISSOKHO, Moussou Kéba and MBALLO, Rahimi and SIDYBE, Mamadou and DIOUF, Ndongo and DIOP, Djibril and DIOUF, Jules and NOBA, Kandioura}, title = {Taxonomic diversity and abundance of weed flora in upland rice fields of Southern Groundnut Basin, Senegal}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {48-56}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.5}, abstract = {In Southern Groundnut Basin of Senegal, weed management is one of the biggest challenges for improving upland rice production. This study aimed to evaluate the systematic composition and the infestation of weed species in order to promote a sustainable management in a context of biodiversity decreasing. Thus, phytosociological surveys were carried out during rainy season in upland rice fields. The results revealed that flora consisted of 62 species distributed in 47 genera and 15 families. The families with the highest species richness were Poaceae (24.2%), Fabaceae (12.9%) and Malvaceae (12.9%) which account for half of recorded species. Biological spectrum analysis showed that the flora is largely dominated by therophytes, with 95% of recorded species. Infestation diagram based on weeds abundance and frequency showed eight groups of species reflecting their degree of infestation. Among them, Digitaria horizontalis, Mariscus squarrosus, and Spermacoce stachydea belonged to major weeds and potential general weeds were potentially the most injurious against upland rice because of their high recovery and frequency.}, keywords = {Abundance,Infestation,Upland rice,weed}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90898.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90898_99ec7ab81a4eaec65eac938bb84e3a4d.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Sohaib}, title = {Positive aspects of weeds as herbal remedies and medicinal plants}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {57-70}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.6}, abstract = {The weeds are well accepted source of herbal medicines. However, these plants should be managed and removed from agro ecosystems due to their negative impacts on agricultural production systems. However, it is matter of interest that some of well-known weeds are source of drugs and traditional medicine. The weeds have certain biological phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, and saponins etc. which are used to treat health disorders. The demand and importance of natural occurring herbal drugs is rising globally. This is due to their social contentment, easy accessibility, cheapness, effectiveness and no side effect claims. The use of herbs and weeds is based on empirical treatment and experiences from many generations with info accessible solely in native magazines. These medicines possess numerous biologically active ingredients associated with health disorders. Thus their potential has not been fully explored. There is need to improve the quality and analysis of herbal products to be fabricated with research advancements in their efficacy. This review identifies bioactive or phytochemicals present in different plant parts of weeds and ways to extract them are discussed. In addition, the medicinal beneficial aspects of weed species, their medicinal utility and major concerning issues are also highlighted.}, keywords = {drugs,herbs,traditional medicine,Weeds}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90899.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_90899_d79682000826ab972cb1ee75f37021f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Sohaib and Manzoor, Muhammad Arfan and Saleem, Muhammad Aamir}, title = {Using essential oils of weeds in aromatherapy for healing and medication}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {71-80}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.7}, abstract = {Most of the people think that weeds are not useful, so they should be eradicated in any case. However weeds have numerous secondary metabolites of medical utility. These secondary metabolites serve as a treatment for many psychological, physical and pharmacological disorders of human body. The essential oils (EOs) extracted from weeds could be utilized as aromatherapy to cure several ailments. This review highlights the role of EOs in aromatherapy, health benefits of aromatherapy by essence or EOs of weeds, methods to extract aroma or EOs, their mode of action, quality and storage issues of EOs, scope and future trends in aromatherapy.}, keywords = {aromatherapy,Aromatic plants,Essential oils,Weeds}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91254.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91254_5c42086214be58f1cca5342510799de0.pdf} } @article { author = {Dey, Prithwiraj and Pandit, Pramit}, title = {Relevance of Data Transformation Techniques in Weed Science}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {81-89}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.8}, abstract = {In the fieldof weed science,data transformation techniques are of frequent use while evaluating investigating weed count data. Even after having its criticism, data transformation still remains as a very popular technique because the reasons for its use are quite greater than its non-use. Depending on the functional relationship existing between mean and variance of the weed count data, suitable transformations like logarithmic, square root and angular, should be used.}, keywords = {Angular transformation,Herbicidal efficacy,Logarithmic transformation,Square root transformation}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91591.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91591_c9b81747605c5d9780ee44d23d710c46.pdf} } @article { author = {Rana, Surinder Singh and Kumar, Rajinder and Kumar, Sachin and Sharma, Neelam and Badiyala, Dinesh}, title = {Evaluation of glyphosate against weeds and phytotoxicity, productivity and soil quality parameters in tea (Camellia sinensis O. kuntze)}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {90-100}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.9}, abstract = {Glyphosate is an effective post emergence herbicide for weed control in tea. However, dose and timing of any new formulation need to be evaluated before being its recommendation to the growers. The weed flora of the experimental field was composed of Ageratum conyzoides (21.9%), Ageratum houstonianum (21.3%), Chromolaena adenophorum (13.0%), Bidens pilosa (9.6%), Lantana camara (6.2%), Cynodon dactylon (6.0%), Fragaria vesca (5.6%), Imperata cylindrica (5.2%), Polygonum alatum (5.1%) and Erigeron canadensis (5.1%). The new formulation glyphosate 71% SG was found to be comparable to the existing formulation glyphosate 41% SL against Ageratum conyzoides, A. houstonianum, Chromolaena adenophora, Bidens pilosa, Fragaria vesca, Polygonum alatum, Erigeron canadensis, Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in reducing their population upto 120 days after application (DAA). Glyphosate 71% SG did not show any toxic symptoms on tea crop and tea leaf yield was similar as under standard formulation used in the present study. Glyphosate 71% SG (ammonium salt) sprayed at 6 kg/ha gave highest tea leaf yield (1940 kg/ha) which was statistically similar to the Glyphosate 71% SG (ammonium salt) applied at the rate of 3 kg/ha (1895 kg/ha). It was also comparable to the market sample. Uncontrolled growth of weeds even for a one season reduced tea leaf yield by 48.5%. The bulk density, water holding capacity, moisture content, soil pH, electrical conductivity, available NPK and organic C were not influenced significantly at harvest. The test herbicide glyphosate 71% SG and the market sample glyphosate 41% SL had increased the population of total bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes at harvest over their initial population. However, there was a slight decrease in the population of this microflora immediately after the application of herbicide not due to the herbicide but owing to seasonal variation as the differences between treatments were not significant.}, keywords = {Bioefficacy,Glyphosate,Tea leaf yield,Weeds}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91667.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91667_2ca381d2d2fb058ebdfd9a6c50df6f44.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Mohammed Ahmed and Fessehai, Rezene}, title = {Assessment on the distribution and spread of invasive alien plant species: the case of Zone 1 and 3 of the Afar region, Ethiopia}, journal = {Journal of Research in Weed Science}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {101-119}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Sami Publishing Company (SPC)}, issn = {2651-4699}, eissn = {2651-4699}, doi = {10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.10}, abstract = {The study was conducted with the aim of assessing the distribution and abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in two administrative Zones (1 and 3) of the Afar region. Data were collected using systematic sampling technique and regular intervals of 10 km were used during the field survey. The following weeds Calotropis procera, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jatropha curcas, Lantana camara, Opuntia stricta, Parkinsonia aculeata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora, Senna occidentalis, and Solanum incanum were recorded in this study. Prosopis was found in 38% of the 91 sample waypoints in the altitude range of 347-1005 meters above sea level whereas C. procera was recorded in 28% of the interceptions between 347 m and 1010 meters above sea level. P. hysterophorus occurred in 15 % of the waypoints in the altitudes ranged from 603 to 1005 meters above sea level. C. grandiflora and P. aculeata were observed respectively in 3% and 6% of the interceptions while L. camara and O. stricta were recorded only at a single waypoint. Higher abundance levels were observed for P. juliflora and C. procera. The majority of the IAPS were found infesting diversified habitats such as road sides, cropland, grazing land, riversides, forest and habitation areas. Awash Fentale district had the highest IAPS richness by possessing all the recorded species. The detailed distribution maps of the identified IAPS were developed and prioritization and ranking of invasive species was made based on abundance levels. The results of this study can be used in invasive weed management or extension programs that aim to tackle major IAPS problems in the region.}, keywords = {Abundance,Distribution,Ethiopia,invasive species,Prosopis,Weeds}, url = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91869.html}, eprint = {https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_91869_76c646953f83db422a6dc6348b040a80.pdf} }