Negative Effects of Residual Herbicides on Sensitive Crops: Impact of Rimsulfuron Herbicide Soil Residue on Sugar beet
Mohammad
Mehdizadeh
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil. Iran
author
Fatemeh
Gholami Abadan
Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Medical Branch of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
This study was designed to assess the effect of rimsulfuron soil residues (0, 0.11, 0.58, 1.1, 2.4, 3.6 and 5.8 μg a.i. kg−1soil) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plant with bioassay method. Plant response of roots and shoot dry weight per pot were described by A log-logistic model using R software as a function of rimsulfuron doses logarithm by non-linear regression and used to calculate the doses for 10, 50 and 90% inhibition of plant root and shoot dry weight (ED10, ED50 and ED90). Sugar beet was susceptible to rimsulfuron soil residues in all concentrations and biomass loses increased linearly as the concentration of rimsulfuron increased in the soil up to 0.11 µg/kg soil. The root biomass was more sensitive than shoot biomass where the ED50 calculated for root and shoot biomass was 0.123 and 0.202 µg. kg-1 soil, respectively. The same results were obtained for ED10 and ED90. From the results of the study, it is concluded that sugar beet is very sensitive and suitable species for using as a bio indicator in bioassay experiments for determine the side-effects of rimsulfuron at low concentration rates. By determining the concentration of rimsulfuron soil residues and the side-effect on sensitive crops, the agricultural managers could have some flexibility in crop rotations program if sensitive crop such as sugar beet is to be planted in the field that previously treated with sulfonylurea herbicides.
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
1
6
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_66673_5593a79124727f0cec00a4c46a06eee8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.1
Effects of Cover crop residue management on corn yield and weed control
Rasoul
Fakhari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Ahmad
Tobeh
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Parviz
Sharifi Ziveh
Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran
author
Ghorban
Didehbaz Moghanlo
Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran
author
Behrouz
Khalil Tahmasbi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
The use of cover crops can be considered as an effective method in sustainable agriculture through reducing herbicide use, improving soil and increasing crop yield. An experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and natural resources research center of Ardabil (Moghan) in 2015-2016. Cover crops was considered as the main factor (mixed wheat + crimson clover, monoculture wheat and mixed (rye + wheat)) and mulch management as subplots and control (no cover crop use post-emergence herbicide Maister (Foramsulfuron + Idosulfuron 3.1% OD)). The results showed no significant difference between treatments in terms biomass production, the lowest weed biomass was related mixed of rye + wheat in both crop management methods. In wheat and wheat+ rye a significant decrease was observed in crop yield components possibly due to the release of allelopathic materials and soil properties, But the crimson clover mix of wheat + maize yield satisfactory beside weed control a good yield was obtained after the treatment with herbicide. The results showed that the effect of cover crop, crop management and their interaction except grain weight, were significant for ear dry weight, biological yield, number of rows per ear and number of kernels per ear. The highest values of grain yield, ear dry weight, biological yield, number of grains per ear was achieved in treatments clover + wheat and the least amount of yield and yield components of treated wheat was obtained in residues removed management.
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
7
17
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_68798_f5d02444b1a23238efcf1e8594e17856.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.2
Studying magnetic field and Bentazon on Kautsky curve of bean (phaseolus vulgaris L)
Ali
ghanbari
Department of Agronomy (Weed Science) Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Iran
author
Mehdi
Nasiiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy (Weed Science) Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Iran
author
ghadrie
mahmoudi
Department of Agronomy (Weed Science) Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Iran
author
Parvin
Yadegar
Department of Agronomy (Weed Science) Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Iran
author
text
article
2018
eng
Bentazon herbicide is a post-emergent herbicide and a photosynthesis inhibitor in broadleaf weed. However, different parameters of Bean Kautsky curve changed significantly. Seeds were treated magnetically at three levels normal, 100 mT and 150 mT (3 hours) and weed control (weeding (by hand), weed free (untreated), control by 25 percent herbicide, or 0.6 l.ha-1, 50 percent herbicide or 1.2 l.ha-1, and 100 percent herbicide or 2.5 l.ha-1. Due to the major paramagnetic components of bean seeds, affected the parameter minimum quantum yield of PS Π (Fv/Fm) significantly (p<0/01) as in the treatment of magnetic field 150 mT and 2.5 l.ha-1 herbicide decreased significantly (0.61) although Bentazon is a selective herbicide of bean. However, besides posing damage to photo-oxidation and center PS Π, 150 mT magnetic fields lengthened the time to reach maximum fluorescence (493.3) and maximized the stress to the parameter Fo and Fo/Fm. In the case that no herbicide was applied, it amounted to the maximum fluorescence at the least time (183.3). Also, in the absence of herbicides (both weeding and weed free), basic quantum efficiency were always normal (0.14 to 0.21); however, by using the herbicides, it exceeded its normal range. Therefore, the selective of the herbicide did not mean the immunity of the plant against the herbicide completely. In general, 100 mT magnetic fields were known to be an effective treatment for plant’s exposure to Bentazon herbicides and stronger field had the opposite effect.
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
18
27
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_68440_6db1191a8fc1eedc7e751f0c7c8f1d2d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.3
Bioefficacy and Fate of Pendimethalin Residues in Soil and Mature Plants in Chickpea Field
Shobha
Sondhia
ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research
author
P.K
Singh
ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research
author
text
article
2018
eng
In modern agriculture, use of herbicides has become indispensable for managing weeds in cultivated lands, due to the scarcity of labors in almost all parts of the globe. Herbicides provide effective weed control in agriculture, yet their continuous and excessive use may pose serious health and environment threats. Pendimethalin is proved to be a very effective pre-emergence herbicide for the control of annual weeds in leguminous and other vegetable crops. Therefore bio-efficacy and residues of pendimethalin were determined in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crop at farmers’ field. Pendimethalin was applied at 796 g ha-1 as a pre-emergence herbicide to control weeds in chickpea fields. Pendimethalin was found effective against weeds viz. Vicia sativa, Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album, and Lathyrus sativa. Terminal residues of pendimethalin were found below
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
28
39
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_69357_fbfbe7b993ea004e7816f8a7c437fdcb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.4
Biological control potential of Spermophagus sericeus Geoffroy, 1785 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) against field bindweed as the first report from Iran
Mohammad
Mehdizadeh
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil. Iran
author
Ghorban ali
Asadi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad. Iran
author
Alex
Delobel
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris cedex, France
author
text
article
2018
eng
Compare other countries studies associated with field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) biological control is too short in Iran. Field bindweed is a major weed of several field crops. During a survey, we focus to finding natural enemies of this weed in Khorasan Razavi province for two years. This paper reports the presence of a seed beetle Spermophagus sericeus Geoffroy as a major natural enemy against field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in northeast of Iran. Samples of field bindweeds capsules and seeds collected in tomato fields at two locations in that region. Results showed that the reproductive organs of field bindweed were severely damaged, where 76 and 62 percent of capsules and seeds were infested by S. sericeus respectively. Our findings showed the high level control of field bindweed by S. sericeus and this beetle can be considered as a proper bio control agent for this weed in Iran. However more studies about host specificity of this beetle should be performed.
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
40
47
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_66949_043120c0275f403d492a5a3615b23121.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.5
Floristic Composition of Weeds in T. Aman-Potato- Boro Rice Cropping Pattern in Bangladesh
Amaj
Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
author
Mahfuza
Begum
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymmensingh, Bangladesh
author
Md.
Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
author
Fahmida
Akter
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
author
K.M.Razibul
Islam
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
author
text
article
2018
eng
The survey was conducted in the farmers’ field of Durba Chara village of Gauripur upazilla under Mymensingh district to find out the floristic composition of weeds in three crops i.e. summer rice, potato and winter rice under T. aman-potato-boro cropping pattern. Five farmers’ fields were surveyed by using a quadrat of 0.5m × 0.5m size in four spots from each field randomly. The data were summarized using frequency, field uniformity, mean field density and relative abundance. A total of 27 weed species belonging to 11 families were found in T. aman, potato and boro rice, of which 22 species were under 11 families in T. aman, 15 species under seven families in potato and 20 species were under nine families in boro rice. Echinochloa crusgalli was the most abundant weed in both potato and boro rice while in T. aman, Ludwigia hyssopifolia dominated over others. Echinochloa crusgalli and Polygonum hydropiper were common in both potato and boro rice. The other three dominant weed species i.e. Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon and Panicum distichum in potato and Eclipta alba, Cyperus difformis, Eleocharis atroperpurea in boro were completely different from each other. In T. aman, five completely different weed species i.e. Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Alternanthera sessilis, Polygonum orientale, Fimbristylis miliaceae and Hedyotis corymbosa were found dominant. Broadleaf weeds were dominant in both T. aman and boro but in potato, grasses dominated over others.
Journal of Research in Weed Science
Sami Publishing Company (SPC)
2651-4699
1
v.
1
no.
2018
48
62
https://www.jrweedsci.com/article_69356_ce0d3727d73c9e01d3fffcc5afd4d3d6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2018.6.6